With the ever increasing importance of computers and digital media for both personal and corporate users, the number of crimes involving electronic data is now higher than ever. Thus, data forensics has become a distinct sub-division of forensics science consisting of technical expertise, the finding of electronic evidence, digital investigations and even data recovery. Data forensics is right to use in judicial cases that involve sexual harassment, intellectual property theft, discrimination, breach of contract and so on. Therefore, only data forensics experts can search computers for electronic evidence, make digital investigations, recover lost data and provide technical expertise involving fcomputers' ubiquity.
A normal type of computer investigation cannot detect or extract bits of information remained after deletion. File left-overs, deleted files, hidden and discarded files are searched and analyzed as part of the data forensics analysis. Although there are lots of challenges when trying to identify the criminal process or to recover data, experts in this fields have more than once been successful at finding the needle in the haystack. What relevance does such evidence have for legal cases? Well, it has been proved by practice that even the course of a trial could be changed by the retrieval of deleted e-mail messages for instance.
The challenges that data forensics expert have to face are enormous. The applications are indeed far-reaching, but it takes hours to extract digital evidence and make it stable. Sometimes the necessary information is buried deep in the corporate electronic system, or sometimes, even if it is physically identifiable it is difficult to separate and analyze extensively, off line. This is also the reason why a duplication procedure is used to protect the information during the extraction process. Great caution, strict standards and lots of skills are required for each of these steps and only the best in the field can succeed.
When a criminal act involving digital systems is detected, the best way of action is not to address the other party and ask for a preservation of computer records, but rather a surgical approach by an expert who has had computer forensics training. This will reduce the costs of data collection and will make info recovery more likely. Moreover, it is false to assume that data forensics only applies to computer hard drives as the main systems that can store information; there are cases of criminal action involving, USB devices, CDs, DVDs and even voice mail systems. Memory hard drives are now incorporated even in fax and photocopy machines so that many of the documents can be recovered afterwards.
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